Classic Indian Musical Instruments You Should Know

India’s musical heritage is as diverse as its culture, with Indian classical music instruments playing a vital role in shaping melodies that have captivated audiences for centuries. Whether it's the soulful strains of the sitar or the rhythmic beats of the tabla, these traditional Indian musical instruments are more than just tools for creating sound—they embody history, artistry, and cultural depth. But what makes these instruments truly special?

For those new to Indian traditional music, exploring its roots can be both fascinating and rewarding. If you're interested in delving deeper, check out this Beginner’s Guide to Carnatic Music, which provides insights into one of India’s most revered musical traditions.

Each instrument in Indian classical music, whether part of Hindustani or Carnatic traditions, carries a legacy of devotion and craftsmanship. If you’ve ever wanted to experience these sounds firsthand, many platforms now offer online music lessons where you can learn directly from experts. Ready to embark on your musical journey? You can even book a trial class and start exploring the world of Indian music instruments today!

Top 10 Best Traditional Indian Musical Instruments

10. Tanpura – The Soul of Classical Music

Introduction

The tanpura is a string instrument that provides a continuous harmonic drone, setting the foundation for Indian classical music. It is not played melodically but serves as a supporting instrument in both Hindustani and Carnatic music.

Where It’s Used

The tanpura is an essential part of any Indian classical music performance, accompanying vocalists and instrumentalists to maintain pitch accuracy.

Learning Difficulty

The tanpura is relatively easy to learn, as it does not require complex finger techniques. However, mastering the perfect tuning and maintaining a steady rhythm can take time.

9. Dholak – The Heart of Folk and Classical Fusion

Introduction

The dholak is a double-headed drum, widely used in folk, devotional, and semi-classical music. It produces both bass and treble sounds, making it highly versatile.

Where It’s Used

It is commonly used in Indian folk music, qawwalis, bhajans, and Bollywood songs. The dholak is also found in semi-classical performances.

Learning Difficulty

Learning the dholak requires coordination and rhythm but is easier compared to other percussion instruments like the tabla. If you’re interested, check out this Dhol Online Course to get started.

8. Santoor – The Melodic Magic of Kashmir

Introduction

The santoor is a trapezoid-shaped string instrument played with wooden mallets. It has over 100 strings and produces a soft, resonant sound.

Where It’s Used

This instrument is an integral part of Hindustani classical music, particularly in Kashmir. It is also used in Sufi and light classical music.

Learning Difficulty

The santoor requires patience, as players must master striking the strings with precision while maintaining a smooth flow of notes.

7. Bansuri – The Divine Indian Flute

Introduction

The bansuri is a bamboo flute that has been a part of Indian traditional music for centuries. It is known for its soothing, ethereal tones.

Where It’s Used

The bansuri is used in Hindustani classical music, folk music, and even contemporary fusion genres. It is often associated with Lord Krishna.

Learning Difficulty

It takes time to master breath control, finger placement, and note transitions. If you want to learn, consider this Flute Online Course.

6. Mridangam – The Heartbeat of Carnatic Music

Introduction

The mridangam is a double-headed drum, serving as the primary rhythm instrument in Carnatic music.

Where It’s Used

The mridangam is essential in Carnatic classical music and is also used in Bharatanatyam dance performances.

Learning Difficulty

Mastering the intricate rhythm patterns takes years of dedicated practice.

5. Shehnai – The Sound of Celebrations

Introduction

The shehnai is a wind instrument known for its sharp, penetrating tone, often played at weddings and religious ceremonies.

Where It’s Used

It is widely used in Hindustani classical music, temple rituals, and folk celebrations.

Learning Difficulty

It requires exceptional breath control and precise finger technique.

4. Sarod – The Deep, Resonant Stringed Instrument

Introduction

The sarod is a fretless string instrument with a deep, rich tone, making it a cornerstone of Indian classical music.

Where It’s Used

The sarod is predominantly used in Hindustani classical music.

Learning Difficulty

It is difficult to master due to the intricate sliding techniques required.

3. Veena – The Symbol of Classical Excellence

Introduction

The veena is one of the oldest Indian classical music instruments, often associated with the goddess Saraswati.

Where It’s Used

It is a central instrument in Carnatic music.

Learning Difficulty

Playing the veena requires a strong understanding of ragas and complex finger movements.

2. Tabla – The Iconic Indian Percussion

Introduction

The tabla is a pair of drums, widely regarded as the most versatile Indian percussion instrument.

Where It’s Used

Used in Hindustani classical music, Bollywood, fusion, and contemporary genres.

Learning Difficulty

Highly technical, requiring years of training. You can start with an Online Tabla Course.

1. Sitar – The Icon of Indian Classical Music

Introduction

The sitar is the most famous Indian string instrument, known for its intricate structure and mesmerizing sound.

Where It’s Used

It is a primary instrument in Hindustani classical music, global fusion, and even Western compositions.

Learning Difficulty

Difficult due to its complex tuning and playing techniques.

List of Different type of Instruments

String Instruments in Indian Classical Music

• Sitar – The Iconic Sound of Hindustani Classical Music
• Veena – A Pillar of Carnatic and Hindustani Traditions
• Sarod – The Deep, Resonant Instrument of India
• Tanpura – The Drone That Defines Classical Pieces
• Santoor – The Melodic Instrument From Kashmir

Percussion Instruments From India

• Tabla – The Rhythmic Heart of Hindustani Music
• Mridangam – The Soul of Carnatic Classical Music
• Pakhawaj – The Ancient Drum That Preceded Tabla
• Ghatam – The Unique Clay Pot Instrument of South India
• Dhol – The Vibrant Drum Used in Folk and Classical Genres

Wind Instruments in Indian Classical Music

• Bansuri – The Traditional Bamboo Flute of India
• Shehnai – The Auspicious Instrument of Indian Ceremonies
• Nadaswaram – The South Indian Counterpart to the Shehnai

Conclusion: Embrace the Timeless Beauty of Indian Musical Instruments

India’s rich musical heritage is a treasure trove of classical pieces, resonating with history, spirituality, and artistic mastery. Whether it's the soul-stirring notes of the sitar, the deep resonance of the sarod, or the rhythmic precision of the tabla, these Indian classical music instruments have defined the essence of classical music genres for centuries.

But what makes these traditional instruments in India so extraordinary? It’s their ability to transcend time, bringing together ancient traditions and contemporary innovations. The bansuri, for example, once associated only with Hindustani instruments, is now featured in global fusion music. Likewise, the mridangam, a fundamental percussion instrument from India, continues to be the backbone of Carnatic classical songs, yet finds its place in modern collaborations.

For music lovers, aspiring musicians, or simply curious minds, exploring these musical instruments from India opens doors to an immersive cultural experience. If you've ever dreamed of mastering an Indian instrument, now is the perfect time to begin. Online learning has made it easier than ever, whether you wish to play the tabla (Online Tabla Course), master the bansuri (Flute Online Course), or feel the energy of the dhol (Dhol Online Course).

Each instrument in Indian classical music carries centuries of legacy, but its future lies in the hands of those who continue to play, innovate, and appreciate it. Whether you are drawn to the Indian guitar and its rich tones or fascinated by the divine charm of the veena, learning these instruments is more than just an artistic pursuit—it’s a connection to India’s cultural soul.

So why wait? Let the journey begin! Explore, learn, and experience the magic of Indian classical instruments today. Take the first step and book a trial class to embark on your musical adventure.